Guardrails, Handrails, and Grab Bars in the US Forest Service
Information reproduced from the USDA Accessibility Guidebook for Outdoor Recreation and Trails.
This article discusses the differences between guardrails, handrails, and grab bars at facilities managed by the US Forest Service. Guardrails, handrails, and grab bars are important installations to help prevent injuries from falls. The following explanations of terms are based on the International Building Code (IBC) and the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Standards.
• Guardrails protect people from surface drop-offs higher than 30 inches (760 millimeters). In general, guardrails must be at least 42 inches (1,065 millimeters) high. In some locations, such as at fishing piers, the guardrail height should be reduced to allow disabled individuals to participate in the fishing experience. If the guardrail has openings that are less than 34 inches (865 millimeters) above the walking surface, they must be small enough to prevent a 4-inch (100-millimeter) sphere from passing through them. Requirements for guardrails are detailed in the International Building Code, section 1003.2.12.
Install the rails (balusters) vertically to deter climbing. The importance of vertical rather than horizontal rails/balusters cannot be overemphasized. When children see horizontal rails/balusters, they regard them as an inviting ladder that encourages them to climb. A horizontal rail/baluster cannot protect them from a fall. The photo below is representative of vertical balusters in an overlook guardrail.
Guardrail with Vertical Balusters at Scenic Overlook
• Handrails provide a steady support for persons who are going up or down stairs or inclines. Handrails must be between 34 inches (865 millimeters) and 38 inches (965 millimeters) above the walking surface and be easy to grip. Details about acceptable configurations for handrails are provided in the IBC, section 1003.3.3.11 and in the ABA, section 505. The graphic below is representative of handrail installations.
Stair System Handrail Installation Guidelines
• Grab Bars provide stability and allow people to use their arms to help them move short distances. The most common location for grab bars is in restrooms. The required locations of grab bars are explained in the ABA, chapter 6. Details about grab bar configuration and attachment are provided in the ABA, section 609 and in the IBC, chapter 11. An example of grab bars installed at a toilet is shown below.
Grab Bars Installed at a Toilet
SUMMARY: Guardrails, handrails, and grab bars are important installations at US Forest Services facilities to help prevent injuries from falls. Installation guidelines in the ABA and IBC should be followed to ensure maximize protection.
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